What can I actually claim as a business expense?
Business Expenses for VAT registered Sole Traders and Limited Companies
Before we go any further...
This guide is general information for UK trading businesses. It is not a decision on whether a particular purchase qualifies for tax relief. The treatment depends on the facts, the business structure, the accounting method and, for directors and employees, the rules on pay and benefits. Corporation Tax, Income Tax and VAT also have separate rules; an allowable cost does not automatically give you a VAT reclaim. Rules and rates can change.
Keep the supporting invoice or receipt and always ask your accountant or use the HMRC links at the end of this article to review any uncertain or mixed-use cost before claiming it.
NOTE: The advice in this guide is current in September 2026.
The quick distinction in expenses claims for Sole and Ltd
A sole trader claims qualifying business costs against their own trading income. A limited company is a separate legal person and claims qualifying company costs against its taxable profits. Its bank account is not the director’s personal wallet, however persuasive that wallet may be.
Sole traders
If you are new to your VAT registration, then “Can I put that through the business?” is a fair question.
The answer depends on what you bought, why you bought it and whether you use it personally. If a cost has both business and private use, claim only the identifiable business part. Filing a receipt under “business” does not change what it was for.
Common costs you may generally claim...
Office and running costs.
Stationery, postage, software, business phone and internet use, and qualifying premises costs.
Equipment.
Tools, computers and printers. Under cash basis, most qualifying equipment is deducted as a business expense; under traditional accounting, capital allowances may apply.
Business travel.
Qualifying journeys and related costs. You may use simplified vehicle mileage rather than actual vehicle running costs where the conditions are met. Keep a mileage log (your accountant will be able to provide an excel template if it helps; “quite a lot” is not a measure that will go the distance with HMRC.
Stock and materials.
Goods bought for resale and materials used to make what you sell.
Marketing and professional costs.
Business advertising, relevant trade memberships and qualifying professional fees. The cost of preparing and submitting your personal Self Assessment return is not an allowable trading expense.
Working from home.
A reasonable business share of eligible household costs, or HMRC’s simplified flat rate where applicable. Keep records supporting the method used.
Costs to check more carefully
Ordinary clothes do not become protective workwear because you wore them to a client meeting. Uniforms and protective clothing can qualify, but must be clearly associated with the activity . Personal shopping, fines and client entertainment generally do not qualify as trading deductions. The coffee bought while reading this guide is probably on you.
Limited companies
A company may deduct qualifying day-to-day costs incurred for its business when calculating Corporation Tax. Some purchases, such as equipment kept for use in the business, may qualify through capital allowances instead. A cost can also be specifically disallowed even if it genuinely relates to the business.
Common company costs
Running costs.
Business rent, utilities, insurance, software, stationery, stock, materials, advertising and qualifying professional fees.
Equipment.
Computers, tools and machinery, with the tax treatment checked under the capital allowance rules.
Business travel.
Qualifying journeys, accommodation and meals while travelling for work. Ordinary commuting between home and a permanent workplace is treated differently. Note where you went and the business reason.
Costs paid for directors and employees
If the company provides something for personal use, a taxable benefit may arise. Business equipment provided for homeworking can be exempt where any private use is insignificant. A company-provided mobile phone has its own exemption rules. Check the arrangement before reimbursing a director’s personally contracted phone or other household bills.
Where the conditions are met, a company can pay towards an employee’s additional homeworking costs. HMRC permits up to £6 per week or £26 per month without evidence of the amount spent; higher payments require supporting evidence. This is different from an employee claiming homeworking tax relief directly from HMRC, which changed from April 2026.
The company card is not a magic wand
Client entertainment is generally disallowed for Corporation Tax, even if lunch led to a wonderful new contract. Staff entertaining follows different rules. If the company pays a director’s private bill, it may need to be recorded through the director’s loan account or treated under the pay and benefits rules. The family supermarket shop cannot be renamed “staff welfare” because it came out of the company account.
A simple habit that helps
Keep the invoice or receipt including evidence of VAT wherever possible, record the business purpose against the evidence if not clear (there is an option in Xero to "add a comment" when uploading a receipt), and importantly, separate personal spending wherever possible.
For mileage claims, retain the date, destination, purpose and distance.
When a purchase serves both you and the business, ask us before assuming the full cost is deductible.
Still not sure where an expense belongs?
Give us a call at Partridge Accountancy Services; We can advise how to record it correctly and claim the relief available or perhaps you could even take advantage of our great, fixed rate packages, rid yourself of the issue altogether, leave it to the professionals and understand why small businesses in the area choose us.
Partridge Accountancy Services
Personally tailored, personally delivered.
Simple.
Official HMRC guidance
Expenses if you are self employed — https://www.gov.uk/expenses-if-youre-self-employed
Simplified expenses — https://www.gov.uk/simpler-income-tax-simplified-expenses
Company expenses and Corporation Tax — https://www.gov.uk/guidance/company-expenses-you-can-deduct-before-paying-corporation-tax
Corporation Tax expenses — https://www.gov.uk/corporation-tax-rates/corporation-tax-expenses
Capital allowances — https://www.gov.uk/capital-allowances/what-you-can-claim-on
Director loans — https://www.gov.uk/directors-loans
Homeworking expenses and benefits — https://www.gov.uk/expenses-and-benefits-homeworking/homeworking-expenses-and-benefits-that-are-exempt-from-tax














